Customer Accomodation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Customer Accomodation - Essay Example The Channel on the right shows how the Map stocks move from the print planning to the Printing lines, the printed maps move to the Bulk store. Broken down orders are then taken to the Picking area. The channel on the left displays how the customers' orders and trade orders meet up with the Moulin inventory control system. The system is in constant communication with the right hand side channel making sure there is enough stock in place. Through a bar coding system, using hand held scanners, Moulin automatically finds the requested orders in the Bulk store, a picker then brings it down to the picking line. The goods are then packed and dispatched using a contracted logistics service provider. The movement of goods within CSF have both a manual and an automated system working together to produce maximum output. The printing department has the most activity, as much as 4 hours can be spent on setting up just one machine with the majority of time spent on configuring the plates and adjusting the colours. Once set up, the printing machines work two seven-hour shifts, each producing as much as 8000 maps per hour. The company has four printers with two different printing machines, Alpha and Beta. The Alpha machines are older and less efficient, with almost twice as much time needed for set up whilst, only producing half as much output compared with the Beta machine. (Johnston et al, 2003:170). CSF has two fairly distinctive levels of demand. The first is a lower level, where monthly sales volume accounts for only 5% and 7% of the annual total and a second, higher level of demand shows monthly sales of 9% and 11% of the annual total. The planning procedures department use as much as 12 months lead time in preparation for new maps and stock replenishment. The team determine the need for placing a map (stock) on the printing schedule as much as 6 months in advance. They aim to deliver a batch of printed maps to the Bulk store 3 months before stock is projected to run out. Holding 12 months of inventory can be expensive. Warehousing for storage including rent and utilities, Insurance and taxes on inventory finance for the stock, and stock lossage due to shrinkage/deterioration are just a few costs for holding inventory over a long period. Inventory optimization www.sap.com Accessed 2.1.2007 Moving over to the left channel of figure 1 we see more activity coming in from customers and trade orders. CSF aim to have dispatched the customers order within three to four days of receipt, with an 88% performance target regularly being exceeded. Only over the busy Easter months have CSF had problems with delivery times, this was mainly due to their contract logistics service provider. CSF should have forecasted from previous years that Easter was the busiest time and so they should have hired more transport through their logistics providers. The company uses an Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for their customers to place orders. Only 50%-60% of the orders are EDI with the remaining orders being keyed in to Moulin by hand. This process is slow, not cost effective and can generate errors. Use of this channel is limited to a small amount of CSF's largest customers. Here I think is CSF's biggest downfall. According to Stock, If the

Having Our Say Essay Example for Free

Having Our Say Essay Sarah and Bessie Delany were extraordinary women. They were very intelligent, kind, yet feisty women. Sarah and Bessie Delany were very close sisters and lived to be one hundred and four and one hundred and nine years of age. The Delany sisters were able to live long because of the way they lived their life. Over all these two women lived a good life and had two loving, caring, and wise parents to help who they have become in our American history, but life for The Delany sisters was not always easy they faced many hardships to have the respect they do today. In the book Having Our Say The Delany Sisters’ First 100 Years The Delany sisters faced many challenges because they were sheltered, educated and black African American females. The Delany sisters grew up at Saint Augustine’s school in Raleigh, NC. The Delany family was a very religious family and tried to follow all the rules to living a good sinful life (56, 57). Being in their early twenties the Delany sisters world only consist of Saint Aug’s college and downtown Raleigh. They only have visited two places Yak, Virginia and Fernandina, Florida (115). Henry Delany; the sisters’ father was the first elected African American bishop of the Episcopal churches (3). Therefore the Delany children were look highly upon and the Delany sisters were very sheltered growing up. Bessie talked about how sheltered and clueless she and Sadie were when she made the statement, Our childhood years were so protected, we didn’t have but the vaguest notion of what sex. We had a neighbor who said to us once, â€Å"You girls are so green, it’s no wonder those cows don’t mistake you for grass and gobble you up. † (84). The Delany sisters didn’t live like normal kids. They help raise their seven younger brother and sisters, and wasn’t aloud to go anywhere off Saint Aug’s campus without supervision. Living in the city of Raleigh when the Delany sisters became young women in their mid twenties they eventually moved to New York after visiting a few time. The two sisters were afraid and didn’t know how to talk to men without feeling uncomfortable they were very educated and disciplined, but when it came to having streets smarts they lack a lot of that (111). Sadie had one guy friend name frank who took liking to her and her father was not very fond of him and forbidden Sadie from seeing him again. Bessie said â€Å"I suppose Lemuel and Papa thought they were doing the right thing by Sadie, forbidding her to see frank anymore, but I don’t think was right. She was a grown woman. She should have had a say† (121). The Delany sisters turned out fine, but if they weren’t so sheltered life could have gone a little smoother for them. In the early 1900’s it was very rare for any African Americans to have any education beyond high school. All the Delany children went to college and got the education. Sadie Delany graduated from Saint Aug in 1910 and in the same year got her first teaching job working for Wake County public schools in North Carolina (112,113). A few years later Bessie graduated from Saint Aug’s and got a job just like her sister in Boardman, NC. In 1913 Bessie went to Brunswick, GA to teach at an Episcopal school for African American children (130). In 1915 the Delany sisters took their first trip to New York City and fell in love with the big city (139). The Delany sisters moved there in to further there education. Sadie faced problems when she started school in New York. Sadie said I had a difficult time at first, because I really had to scramble in courses like chemistry. That was a problem for a lot of colored students. Often, our early training was not as good as the white students’ because colored schools had no money. (149) Many whites labeled blacks as â€Å"dumb†. Sadie didn’t get a grade that she deserved in her chemistry class, and the teacher was discriminating against her. The Delany sisters had to prove that they were capable of learning and succeeding just as much as white people were, and it was already hard for them because they were black, but being a black female made it almost impossible to be taken seriously. Being a black person in America was hard living and worse being black and living in the south than anywhere else especially after the Jim Crow laws were passed. The Delany sisters took trips often to the drug store Bessie said â€Å"I was not a crying child, except when it came to being treated badly because of my race, like when they wouldn’t serve us at the drug store counter† (105). Being a black female back in that time they received worse disrespects than just being a black male. But if there were blacks that were lighter skinned they were treated somewhat better because they were close to looking white. Bessie said â€Å"To be lighter-skinned was more desirable If you were very dark skinned you were looked down upon. We saw in our own family that people treated the lighter-skinned children better†. (106) Throughout the Delany sisters life they have had to go through the constant disrespect of race and discrimination. Having gone what the Delany sister went through they became wonderful, courageous, educated women. All the struggle they went through made them stronger and how they lived their life helped them live for as long as they did to tell their life obstacles and achievements.

Power of Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Essay

The Power of Harriet Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Harriet Jacobs, in the preface to her book, wrote: I do earnestly desire to arouse the women of the North to a realizing sense of the condition of two millions of women at the South, still in bondage, suffering what I suffered, and most of them far worse.   I want to add my testimony to that of abler pens to convince the people of the Free States what Slavery really is (335). With this statement, Jacobs specified her purpose for writing and her intended audience.   This insight gives readersan understanding of why she chose to include what she did in her story as well as why she chose to exclude other details.   Although this work is presented as a narrative of her own life circumstances, there were many occasions when she described conditions of which she was not directly involved.   For example, she entitled one chapter "Sketches of Neighboring Slaveholders" and dedicated this section to describing some of the horrifying experiences of other slaves... ... demon that possessed the South, but she held the people of the free states accountable for their contributions in upholding slavery through their own laws that mandated the return of runaway slaves as well as their inaction against slavery.   Her decision to include what she did while excluding other enumerations was very effective in arguing her point. Works Cited Jacobs, Harriet.   "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl."   The Classic Slave Narratives.   Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.   New York: Mentor, 1987.

Carpet-Weavers Morocco †Journal Assignment Essay

I’m sure that all of you have at least heard of, if not seen the famous carpets of Morocco. You must have also heard things like, â€Å"What fine craftsmanship!†, â€Å"What fabulous designs and prints!†, â€Å"What a work of art!† or â€Å"What fine skill!†, from people who purchase these carpets for huge sums of money for the various purposes such as praying, decoration etc. But have you ever taken a moment to think, of the origin of these carpets, of the person who sits up day and night weaving these carpets which are sold for thousands, but what does he get out of this and so on, well if not, then I’m sure that after reading this, all these questions will be answered. In case you didn’t know, Morocco is a relatively poor country and most of the carpets woven there, are all hand-made and are woven by children, children like me who are forced to weave due to unfortunate circumstances. Like me there are hundreds of others who have to live the same unfortunate lives for the same reasons. Let me give you a brief outline of what it is like to be a carpet weaver. Firstly, you have to wake up at five in the morning and get dressed. Everybody is allowed is five minutes in the showers, which is just about enough because the water is ice cold and it takes you just that long to g et used to the temperature of the water. After that, we have a so-called ‘breakfast’, if that’s what you would call it, which is absolutely tasteless and seems stale. After that, we immediately get to work and start weaving. Thread by thread and knot by knot, we have to be really careful and focused, and should there be any mistake, we can hope not to see the sun for a couple of days, at minimum that is! We have to work constantly until ten at night, when we quickly eat dinner, which is just as bad as breakfast, if not worse and then go to sleep, hoping that tomorrow will be a better day and we will be freed from this life of misery, but then, every morning, it starts all over again, the same torture, the same shouting voices of the slave drivers and the same miserable life. You might wonder, what may lead one to have to live such a life at such a small age, the answer lies deep within our backgrounds and circumstances. I’ve been weaving ever since I was seven years old, till today, when I’m thirteen. Before this, I used to live with my family, we weren’t so rich but we were surviving. There were six of us, me, my two brothers, my sister and my parents. All of us used to go to a small school in the nearby village. My mother was a vegetable seller and my father was a drunkard who had a small job at a toothpaste factory. Then one day, due to excessive intake of alcohol, he passed away. His death really didn’t make much of a difference, as he was no good anyway, but still, we were slightly affected financially. Then one day, a rich merchant came to our village, and started offering all the children jobs and promised that he would pay us huge sums of money, if we worked at his factory. Without thinking twice, I took the job and I was taken away to a far away place to work at his factories. Had I known what lay ahead, I would have never gone with him, but at the time, we needed money and I felt that this was the best opportunity. We were immediately taken away to a deserted and remote area where there was no way of contacting anyone. We were told to do as he said, and our families would be kept happy. I never the money that had been promised, instead, all I got was a gloomy place to work, eat and sleep, the merchant kept on telling me that he was sending my family the promised money, but after knowing the reality of this place, I doubt my family ever saw a fraction of what was promised, and I also doubt that they are alive right now. As you clearly saw, I was tricked into working here and once I was in, there was no way out; I had no choice but to work at the factory, because the merchant said that there was no place to go from here and if anyone tried, they would be killed. The first of my days here were very hard, when I first started learning how to weave, I made many mistakes, but quickly learnt and became perfect. Everyday here is like hell, maybe worse. How I long to outside and play like a normal child. I want to go to school and learn and become someone and do good for humanity, but instead, my life is wasted here, weaving carpets forever. I feel pity for the younger children who have just arrived. They all seem really scared as they are very young and have no idea of what’s going on and what their lives are about to become. We have to toil hard and work till late at night and finish at least three carpets in five days, or else we don’t get dinner. You have to really focus all your attention into the weaving and sometimes we get so lost into the weaving, that we lose track of time; it’s as if, we’re in another world, much different from this one and that helps to focus more and eases the pain a bit. When weaving, you have to be very careful, for just the slightest mistake could ruin the entire carpet. I feel I have become like a pale shadow of my former self, before, I was carefree and happy with my family, but now, I feel scared and I am uncertain about my future; I don’t know what will happen to me after the merchant finds no use of me, or will I spend my entire life here just sitting and weaving? There are hundreds of unanswered questions and queries in my mind and I’m sure that most of us feel the same way as me – scared and uncertain. Everyday is a struggle and every minute is torture. We aren’t allowed to talk or stop working and if we do, the slave drivers shout at us and sometimes even whip us and there’s nothing we can do, for we have no choice as nobody knows of the merchant’s tyranny and more importantly, nobody cares. At night, when I lie down on the hard and cold floor and try to sleep, I pray and hope that tomorrow will be something else, something better, but it never happens, everyday is the same, hell. I sometimes wonder, the cruel merchant exploits lots of children every week and brings them here and makes them weave carpets. He then sells them for thousands, while all we get are a few scraps in the name of food. He commits such horrible sins and yet enjoys his riches and lives lavishly, while we have toil and struggle; I ask myself, â€Å"What have we done to have to suffer such a life of suffering and misery? Why won’t God answer our prayers? Where is he? Why does the merchant enjoy his life to the fullest extent? Is this the justice of God? Has evil truly oppressed good? Why?, Why?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . But, I soon realize that there is no point in asking these meaningless questions, because the merchant will still get richer, while we suffer. I feel that the government should do something about this and so should the people who buy these carpets for thousands, they should think of us and how we are suffering. The merchant is exploiting us and using us as an unpaid workforce; he is abusing our rights and we are suffering. He has to be stopped from his exploitation at any cost because this way millions of children are separated from their families and are sent to far away lands to live a life worse than hell. The so-called â€Å"Human Rights Organization†, should do something to free us from this prison. But then again, I doubt that anything will happen. Some people might set out to do some investigations, but they will probably give up or be bribed by the extremely rich merchant, a case will be filed and will keep on circling the government departments and will soon be forgotten underneath a huge pile of papers, while we will continue to live in this hell†¦

Company case: Southwest Airlines †Waging War in Philly

1. How do Southwest’s marketing objectives and its marketing mix strategy affect its pricing decisions? Answer : Operating under an intensely competitive environment , Southwest Airlines carefully projects its image so customers can differentiate its product form its competitors .. To successfully secure its market position , Southwest needs to be extremely Cost-efficient ,Southwest has a well defined business model that uses single aircraft type ,short hauls ,secondary airports , point-to-point versus hub-and-spoke to keep its cost down . Southwest tries hard to differentiate itself by doing seemingly wired things. For example, not assigning seats in its flights helps to reinforce its image that it gets passengers to their destinations when they want to get there ,on time , at the lowest possible fares . By not assigning seats ,Southwest can turn the airplanes quicker at the gate. If an airplane can be turned quicker, more routes can be flown each day . That generates more revenue , so that Southwest can offer lower fares . The marketing objective of Southwest Airlines is to attract long term customers who will be loyal to Southwest Airlines and consistently fly their airline. To draw in repeat customers Southwest focuses on customer service and providing a positive experience while flying . The goal is to continually fill flights and bring the maximum revenue on every flight. Marketing Mix: For Southwest Airlines, promotions starts with the insightful understanding of customer benefits and how to translate those benefits into meaningful products and services . If we look upon the customer’s services of the southwest we will come to know that southwest is providing excellent customer services, baggage handling, easier ticketing, flexible flight schedules, easier check in and check outs on the airport. In the success of southwest airline one of the greatest contributions is of the employees. (In 2004) Little Southwest served a total of 58 cities and 59 airports in 30 states and was offering 14 flights a day from Philly out of only two gates. Two short of year s after Southwest had boosted daily nonstop flights from 14 to 53. It had added service to 11 new cities and quadrupled it numbers of gates 2 to 8, with its eye on 4 more. Promotional Advertisement for Southwest come in a variety of forms. They advertise on TV commercial, in print ads ,on the radio and through word of mouth . We can see that the core strength of the southwest airline is in its low fair. It is very important to know how southwest can afford such a low fair. The answer lies in control over operating costs. Southwest do not offers meals during flights but they do offer snacks to their customers and southwest also save money by not offering training to their employees, Southwest Airlines tries to use maximum seat capacity, though their fairs are low but their plan never flew empty. In addition, Southwest introduced innovated measures to limit overhead costs by introducing ticket-less travel, and this strategy save them more than 20 billion. Southwest also save the cost by lowering the turnover ratio of the employees, southwest introduces highly innovative programs for employees to keep them motivated and satisfied.

gender and media essays

gender and media essays Nowadays, advertisements cannot be separated from our daily live. Our consuming behaviour is closely affected by these advertisements. From the process of consumption, we can fulfil our desires and the pleasure of consumption as well. To increase the sales of the products, a successful advertising strategy is very important. Due to commercialism, advertisers differentiate their products with different advertising approaches, in different target audience. In this paper, I will focus on advertising approaches commonly appeared in Hong Kong womans magazine (Cosmopolitan). Through the analysis of them, I try to find out the binary division of gender roles in the specific approach. Stereotype of gender, here is defined as a set of inaccurate, simplistic generalizations about groups of individuals. Also, the binary division of gender induces different approaches of advertising, such as romance, autonomy and sexual approaches. In this paper, I would focus on the category of advertisemen t target on Female consumers in womans magazine. The advertisement (refer to Green post-it 1) is also an advertisement of a jewellery chain store that is called Chow Tai Fok. There is one lady and three men in this advertisement, the lady with larger size displays on the left hand side whereas the man with smaller size displays on the right hand side. Those men hold a bunch of flowers and want to touch the woman whereas she points out her body figure without any facial expression at a diamond ring on her finger. Those men look at the woman with an admire scene. Meanwhile, the advertising background focuses on a lady in the middle class. Using the concept of courtship can address their group. The advertisement is vague setting with dark environment. The woman, who has stood in the middle of the men, by showing her powerful. In addition, female is meddlesome, for instance, the woman like to put her finger on her body while other people around ...

Tips on Identifying two common magnolias

Tips on Identifying two common magnolias The magnolia tree is a large genus of about 220 flowering plant species worldwide. Nine species are native to the United States and Canada and  the  tree commonly refers to trees of the genus Magnolia  that are a part of  the magnolia family  Magnoliaceae.  It is interesting to note that the tulip tree or yellow poplar is in the same family but in a  different genus called Liriodendron and I deal with it separately. ID Tips: The major identification markers of North American  magnolia during the spring/early summer growing season are big aromatic flowers with many parts including showy petals and sepals. Their leaves are alternate  in arrangement but can appear whorled at the branch tips. They tend to be large and often floppy with rolling to waving  edges The fruit of the magnolia is also a great way to identify the tree as it is relatively large and unique in shape.  Magnolias have large  seed pods that look like cones, which are unique when compared to most hardwood tree species. Depending on the species, the upright  cone will expand exposing  red berries which are a favorite food for wildlife.   Cucumber Tree Vs. Southern Magnolia The Southern magnolia is defined by its name - this magnolia lives in the deep part of the southeastern United States. Arthur Plotnik in his Urban Tree Book describes it as the anointed one and a pompous evergreen tree that perfumes the southern United States in early summer and planted in warm climates all over the world. It is the Louisiana state flower and Mississippis state tree. The cucumber tree and saucer magnolia are magnolias enjoyed by the northern states and Canada. The stately cucumber tree is the only magnolia that reaches Canada and is common in the Georgia Blue Ridge Mountains. Leaves: alternate, simple, persistent or deciduous, unlobedTwigs: aromatic,  bundle scars  conspicuous.Fruit: a conelike aggregate of seed.    The Common North American Magnolias Cucumber tree Southern magnolia    The Most Common North American Hardwood List ash  - Genus  Fraxinus  beech  - Genus  Fagus  basswood  - Genus Tilia  birch  - Genus  Betula  black cherry  Ã‚  - Genus  Prunus  black walnut/butternut  - Genus  Juglans  cottonwood  Ã‚  - Genus  Populus  elm  Ã‚  - Genus   Ulmus  hackberry  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Celtis  hickory  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Carya  holly  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  IIex  locust  - Genus  Robinia  and  Gleditsia  magnolia  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Magnolia  maple  - Genus  Acer  oak  - Genus  Quercus  poplar  Ã‚  - Genus  Populus  red alder  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Alnus  royal paulownia  Ã‚  - Genus  Paulownia  sassafras  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Sassafras  sweetgum  - Genus  Liquidambar  sycamore  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Platanus  tupelo  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Nyssa  willow  Ã‚  - Genus  Ã‚  Salix  yellow-poplar  - Genus  Liriodendron

Cosmos Episode 1 Viewing Worksheet

Cosmos Episode 1 Viewing Worksheet Once in awhile, it is necessary to have a movie day in class. Perhaps you have a substitute teacher and want to make sure your students are still learning and reinforcing concepts youve been studying. Other times call for a reward of a movie day or as a supplement to a unit that may be particularly difficult to grasp. Whatever the reason, a great show to watch on these movie days is Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey with host Neil deGrasse Tyson. He makes science accessible and exciting for all ages and levels of learning. The first episode of Cosmos, called Standing Up in the Milky Way,  was an overview of science from the beginning of time. It touches on everything from the Big Bang Theory to the Geologic Time Scale to Evolution and Astronomy. Below are questions that can be copy and pasted into a worksheet and modified as necessary for students to fill in as they watch Episode 1 of Cosmos. These questions are designed to check understanding of some of the most important parts while hopefully not taking away from the experience of watching the show.    Cosmos Episode 1 Worksheet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Name:___________________    Directions: Answer the questions as you watch episode 1 of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey    1.  What is the name of Neil deGrasse Tyson’s â€Å"spaceship†?          2.  What is responsible for creating wind and keeping everything in the solar system in its clutches?          3.  What lies between Mars and Jupiter?          4.  How big is the centuries-old hurricane on Jupiter?          5.  What had to be invented before we could discover Saturn and Neptune?          6.  What is the name of the spacecraft that has traveled the farthest away from Earth?          7.  What is the Oort Cloud?          8.  How far from the center of the Milky Way Galaxy do we live?          9.  What is the â€Å"address† of Earth in the cosmos?          10.  Why do we not know yet if we live in a â€Å"multiverse†?          11.  Who wrote the banned book that Giordano Bruno read that gave him the idea that the Universe was infinite?          12.  How long was Bruno jailed and tortured?          13.  What happened to Bruno after he refused to change his mind about his beliefs of an infinite Universe?          14.  Who was able to prove Bruno right 10 years after his death?          15.  How many years does one month symbolize on the â€Å"cosmic calendar†?          16.  What date on the â€Å"cosmic calendar† did the Milky Way Galaxy appear?          17.  What date on the â€Å"cosmic calendar† was our Sun born?          18.  What day and time did human ancestors first evolve on the â€Å"cosmic calendar†?          19.  What do the last 14 seconds on the â€Å"cosmic calendar† represent?          20.  How many seconds ago on the â€Å"cosmic calendar† did the two halves of the world find each other?          21.  How old was Neil deGrasse Tyson when he met Carl Sagan in Ithaca, New York?          22. What is Carl Sagan most famous for?

Corporate Group Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Corporate Group Structures - Essay Example The discussion will commence with a brief overview of the background of company law, specifically the concept of a company as a separate, autonomous corporate individual. Then the most significant cases in the current state of corporate group structure and liability will be considered: These are a triumvirate of cases involving Cape Industries Plc. Subsequently, analysis of these decisions and their application and interpretation in the last decade will be examined as well as criticism of these three cases will be entertained. This portion of the discussion will expand beyond issues of case law and take an holistic approach to corporate group structure by considering issues such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the ethical implications of corporate group structures. Aron Salomon incorporated his boot-making business in 1892. Salomon Co. quickly became insolvent. A series of court cases and appeals took the case to the House of Lords ruling that Salomon Co. and Aron Salomon were not one and the same, â€Å""The very object of the creation of the company and the transfer to it of the business is, that whereas the liability of the partners for debts incurred was without limit, the liability of the members for the debts incurred by the company shall be limited,† concluded the House of Lords.4 No individuals could be held liable for the debts of Salomon Co., a separate, legal, corporate entity. This case was based on the Companies Act 1862 that clearly established the corporation as a separate legal entity. Salomon v Salomon Co. established that this was the legal situation even if one individual was a majority owner and principally responsible for the direction of the corporation also. According to Villalta Puig Gonzalo, â€Å"The case firmly established that upon incorporation, a new and separate artificial entity comes into existence.... a corporation is a distinct person with its own personality separate

Reflection of the module assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection of the module assignment - Essay Example I joined the university to gain this skills and practices so that I can advance my career positively. E-commerce module has been and is of great contribution to my career given the technological evolution and digitalization of many services into internet based services. Individually I observe e-commerce as the technological tool or platform that the world is certainly migrating into in its operation. It is then no doubt that learning such a module was being placed strategically and being equipped with the tool that can tap the available rich opportunities in e-commerce. E-commerce module uniquely presented its course content in an easy to understand manner that enabled me to remain motivated to research and learn more. In the first semester I was able to learn and understand many concepts that are important to my career. The module research material was readily available and accessible. One of the most beneficial gains I got from the module is bringing too practice the theories learn t in the lecture. Coupling the theory with practical lecture enabled me understand n how one can start an online business. The online business practice gave a perspective of the cost required to start an online business, how long it takes and how one can optimise the business for better gains (Sterne, 2001). The creating of a digital profile made me understand how various components of an e-commerce website are structures to create the whole e-commerce website. For example I learnt the importance of planning an e-commerce project and distributing activities in a given order that will realize the value of the project. I noted the connection of workflow, time and the anticipated result in practice. The planning is the very critical thing in an e-commerce project and failing to plan or planning wrongly can result into chaos in the futures. It also came to my attention that content is the stake of the website and the main thing that most user are interested in any website, but how it is presented and rendered will also determine whether the user will appreciate it or not. The digital profile also made me fully understand the role of search engine optimisation or keyword optimisation. The role and how search engines will search the website is search a critical thing in this career that I highly appreciate to have gained. The use of social media to market an online business became clear through the semester one practical as well. It is at this juncture that I learnt how important social sites are in e-commerce and how to use them to market an online business and gain successful leverage in one’s career. The most important part is that I did this work practically and gained the technical skills required to advance my career. During the digital profile project design I noticed that the rapid technological changes have less to do with one’s project as most of the systems are abstracted and changes can be easily accommodated. I learnt that

Animals are Friends, not Scientific Experiments Research Paper

Animals are Friends, not Scientific Experiments - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to quickly review animals as friends of man, and not scientific experiments. Animal research is a practice that has had an inhumane impact on animals. It is a cruel process which often involves discomfort to the animals, and in some instances, pain and death. Pain is a mental process which often cannot be observed, but it does not mean that it is not happening. Its physical impact can also be significant as observed from humans who manifest responses like screaming, crying, or even jerking away from the object or person causing them pain. If from the above-mentioned indicators we can deduce pain in humans, why is it that the scientists overlook the fact that animals also feel pain? When animals are stepped on or poked, they cry or jerk away. Animal testing involves hurting and painful procedures which include the injection of poisonous chemicals, the cutting of their abdomen, and the stressing of their bones until they break, and similar other procedures. All these p ainful acts are performed without anesthesia being administered. Scientists argue that anesthesia often interferes with the accuracy of their results. For which reason, they have no qualms about subjecting these animals to intolerable pain. Painful experiments on animals can make most people uncomfortable. For many years, much controversy has surrounded the practice of animal testing, and the subject of primates subjected to testing has been one of the core issues of this controversy (Conn, et.al., 2008). On one side, humans relate more to primates, more than any other animals and therefore, their eagerness on the use of such primates for experimentation is strong (Conn, et.al., 2008). The feelings of kinship with primates have often animal rights groups to express their protests against animal cruelty and testing. Those involved in primate testing however argue that these experiments are necessary in order to establish cures for diseases and the fact that primates have more in comm on anatomically to humans, make them the best candidate for experimentation (Guerrini, 2003). There are however inherent issues which are bound with this practice. It is evident that animals experience cruel and inhuman treatments through some of the experiments carried out on them. In some of these experiments, they are often forced to ingest household products and are then monitored to observe the results. Further, in other experiments, animals are often forced to ingest medicines before these medications are put into market. These experiments are carried out in order to ensure that they do not have any life-threatening side effects on human beings. To test corrosive chemicals, chemicals are often applied on the shaved backs of the animals and these chemicals expectedly burn the skins of these animals, often causing them much agony and pain (Larry, 2004 p145). According to the scientists, animals and human beings have a similar biological structure. This is a fragile foundation to base an argument on. Research has expressed that every animal species has a unique biological structure which may look similar to others, but are, in fact, very different. It has also been established that experimental results accrued from one species can have negative results on other species (Langley 2010). It is therefore wrong to conclude that the biological genetics of human beings resemble those of animals; and it is therefore wro

Development of Cloud Computing Technology Thesis

Development of Cloud Computing Technology - Thesis Example As compared to a private cloud, the community cloud is shared among many organizations having identical business requirements. Moreover, the required infrastructure is shared among all the organization that is connected to the cloud saving the cost and demonstrates one of the advantages of cloud computing (Cloud deployment models). Public computing is a traditional approach where the resources are accessible on the Internet. Third party providers, known as the cloud vendors, organize the hosting for these resources on the Internet. The services and resources on this cloud are accessible to the public and groups of various industries (Cloud deployment models). A hybrid cloud comprises of a mixture of all types of clouds i.e. public, private and community. Most organizations deploy this type of cloud as it provides a range of options in the context of accessibility. By incorporating hybrid clouds, issues such as PCI compliance can be eliminated (Cloud deployment models). Cloud computing consists of applications that are represented as a service on the web and the provision of hardware / software services provided by companies operating data centers. Likewise, the services provided over the Internet are referred as (Software as a Service) ‘SaaS’. There are few sellers who use the term (Infrastructure as a service) ‘IaaS’ and (Platform as a service) ‘PaaS’ in order to demonstrate their products and services. However, these terms are avoided and not accepted globally, due to variation (ARMBRUST, FOX et al. 2010). The Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have illustrated some helpful definitions that focus on three concepts (Ryan & Loeffler, 2010): The core components of a cloud are consists of the data center hardware and software. When these resources are made available to the public, they are referred as public clouds and the service provided by the cloud is called as utility computing.

Pampers brand analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pampers brand analysis - Assignment Example The company set out methodical figures to discover vital consumer behaviors, public outcries and optimized reward methods through a program titled â€Å"pampers Gifts to Grow Rewards. As a result, the company decided to come up with a new product that could solve the public’s problems. Some of the promises the consumers expected from the new product are discussed below. There were a number of parents who had consistently raised alarms that pampers caused diaper rashes to their newborns. P&G in their new advert promised to improve the situation preventing the chemical burns. Furthermore, the company promised to make the products more available by reducing their prices. After a long period of extensive research, P&G is in the process of availing the new pampers brand to the market (Oswald 41). Pampers, diapers, nappies and other infant care products, face severe marketing tests. The challenge appears exceptional even among other enclosed product makes that thrash about forming healthy relationships with their preferred customers (Thompson 265). Moreover, baby care products have a limited amount of time to involve pregnant and new mothers to create strong relationships with them. Consequently, the delivery of the promises that the customers expect of the product is an incredibly vital process in initiating and developing healthy relations between the corporation and their respective customers. The sales department must understand the market trends, values and other related information about customers (Koenig 69). In addition, it should be particularly keen to identify the contemporary and immediate needs and expectations of the consumers. Afterwards, the company, therefore, is ready to design an advertisement which vividly states the problems and needs identified. The act of conveying brand promises to the customers dictates the customer experience module hence initiates and improves the taste and desire for the brand. The

Development of Cloud Computing Technology Thesis

Development of Cloud Computing Technology - Thesis Example As compared to a private cloud, the community cloud is shared among many organizations having identical business requirements. Moreover, the required infrastructure is shared among all the organization that is connected to the cloud saving the cost and demonstrates one of the advantages of cloud computing (Cloud deployment models). Public computing is a traditional approach where the resources are accessible on the Internet. Third party providers, known as the cloud vendors, organize the hosting for these resources on the Internet. The services and resources on this cloud are accessible to the public and groups of various industries (Cloud deployment models). A hybrid cloud comprises of a mixture of all types of clouds i.e. public, private and community. Most organizations deploy this type of cloud as it provides a range of options in the context of accessibility. By incorporating hybrid clouds, issues such as PCI compliance can be eliminated (Cloud deployment models). Cloud computing consists of applications that are represented as a service on the web and the provision of hardware / software services provided by companies operating data centers. Likewise, the services provided over the Internet are referred as (Software as a Service) ‘SaaS’. There are few sellers who use the term (Infrastructure as a service) ‘IaaS’ and (Platform as a service) ‘PaaS’ in order to demonstrate their products and services. However, these terms are avoided and not accepted globally, due to variation (ARMBRUST, FOX et al. 2010). The Commerce Department’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have illustrated some helpful definitions that focus on three concepts (Ryan & Loeffler, 2010): The core components of a cloud are consists of the data center hardware and software. When these resources are made available to the public, they are referred as public clouds and the service provided by the cloud is called as utility computing.

International commercial dispute resolution Coursework

International commercial dispute resolution - Coursework Example ...............................4 Dispute Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 How Detached Are The Arbitration Procedures From Municipal Laws............9 Theories and Examples That Support The Judiciary Nature Of Arbitration...13 Kerr LJ's Views On Arbitration With Respect To English Law †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.18 Refernces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...20 Introduction International Commercial Dispute Resolution can be done by alternative resolution meth ods. Most often these are structured as dispute resolution methods, which are described using a third person and a result is found with this but this need not involve legal binding. Resolution will be met with the inflexibility of the state court process and will also lead to a fairer outcome for the parties. History The Alternate Resolution movement began in the early 1970s in the United States. They began looking for alternatives to state court proceedings to save time and money. A big step came in 1976 when the Conference took place on the Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice (known as Pound Conference) in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Academics, court staff and lawyers banded together to search for new ways of dispute resolution. The most important and most widely used alternative dispute resolution method is arbitration. An out-of-court settlement of a dispute between opposing parties by a compromise proposed by a neutral authority accepted by both the parties is called arbitration. How is Arbitration Different From Other Municipal Laws? Arbitration is different from municipal laws in the fact that this is a contract that, if replaced with municipal legal procedures1, can resolve a legal dispute out of court: During the conciliation something new is created at will (a contract), and arbitration by an arbitrator is judged on whether the two parties agree to the resolution or not. The motto of the resolution by arbitration courts is: "Penal Point. It's just not necessarily to judge about what is right from both parties, but to find a common solution to the legal conflict, both parties compromise and come to a solution so that they can get along and legal peace is restored. This can also be a solution that would not be decided in this form by a court. The comparisons in front of the offices are just like arbitration agreements before a conciliation board is set up. It must be ensured, however, that the comparisons are designed to be sufficiently precise, so that - if necessary - they could be enforced by a bailiff. However, it remains to be noted that the comparison rate is well over 50% of cases and are not met by the parties. Only for non-compliance, enforcement ever comes into consideration. One big example of arbitration in the field of international commercial dispute settlement is the role of the dispute settlement body in the World Trade Organization (WTO).The Dispute Settlement Bod

Perspectives on Love Essay Example for Free

Perspectives on Love Essay Love and relationships are controversial topics in which people encounter on a daily basis. They are also topics that are viewed by many different people, from different perspectives. Three authors write on the topic of love; Katherine Anne Porter in â€Å"Marriage is Belonging†, June Callwood in â€Å"Forget Prince Charming† and Robertson Davies in â€Å"The Pleasures of Love†. Porter argues that both partners must surrender their freedom and social life in order to obtain a steady relationship. She argues this because one must take time out of their social life in order to put time and effort into a relationship. Whereas, Callwood argues that long term relationships are unlike fairy tales and therefore require balance and compromise. Callwood argues this because individuals need to work at their relationship in order for their love to continue to thrive. Lastly, Davies argues when communication and understanding is abundant in a relationship, love is less likely to die. Davies argues this because communication is crucial in respect to discovering the traits and reasoning that brought them together. Individual’s perspectives on love and how to find a lifelong partner differ greatly. Katherine Anne Porter, the author of â€Å"Marriage is Belonging†, writes that one must sacrifice their independence in order to â€Å"†¦share another life, the life in fact presumably dearest to them† (Porter 56). Being united with someone means that one must always be loyal, honest and generous towards their partner. Porter says that these characteristics as well as reducing the importance of a social life â€Å"are required for two people to go on growing together and in the same direction† (Porter58). She uses this quote to explain that one must give up partial freedom so that time and effort can be put into the beginning of their new, shared life. As a result of surrendering one’s social life for a significant other, in return one will be compensated with a permanent place to belong. Likewise Porter, June Callwood believes that one must give something to get something in return. Callwood writes that building a life-long union requires a lot of work and effort. Balance and compromise from both parties is required for a relationship to survive. To prove her thesis Callwood writes â€Å"†¦Dr. William Blatz was asked the secret of his serene marriage. He replied ‘I make the dressing and she makes the salad. ’† (Callwod 323). Callwood effectively uses this quote to demonstrate thatr elationships are a collaboration. Though balance is not always fifty-fifty, effort comes from both sides. In â€Å"Forget Prince Charming† Callwood shares a realistic perspective of a long-term relationship, in which does not involve ‘Prince Charming’, but two individuals who compromise and work towards learning to live with one another. Lifelong relationships do not come easy and are something that partners need to work at. In agreement with Callwood, Davies believes that relationships require effort. In â€Å"The Pleasures of Love†, Davies claims that the love of individuals that confide in each other continues to thrive. He writes, â€Å"†¦knowing only that they will be happier united than apart, they had better set to work as soon as possible to discover why they married and nourish the feeling which has drawn them together† (Davies 53). Davies uses this quote to express that individuals that are in love must discover what they like about their partner in order to enjoy each other’s company and to have a loved plentiful union. In addition, he states in his essay, communication between lovers leads to a stronger, long lasting relationship. â€Å"People who love each other should talk to each other; they should confide their honest emotions, their deepest wishes† (Davies 54). This quote demonstrates that when one shares emotions and secrets with their significant other results in understanding of feelings as well as trust. Communication between partners is an important part of keeping love alive.

Modern Methods of Construction

Modern Methods of Construction This dissertation will discuss the effect of Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) and particularly the Off-Site Construction (OSC), on the building sector today, and how these methods will contribute to help and resolve social, financial, and environmental difficulties that facing the UK. 1.2 DEFINITION Off-site construction is an application of modern methods of construction MMC where building sector meets the industrial sector, or by other word, a fusion between building and manufacturing. Off-site construction is where any of building components, or even a whole building, manufactured in factories away from the actual site where the building will be sited, or simply is where the construction site is different from the building site. 1.3 TERMINOLOGY Off-site construction has different terms, terms like (prefabrication, off-site assembly, factory assembly, pre-assembly, off-site manufacture, etc.). The term off-site construction is generally used nowadays to any part of the construction process that takes place in factories. 1.3 HISTORY Off-site construction is not new, in the 20th century specifically in the post wartime, off-site construction (that time the term used probably was factory assembly or prefabrication construction) were needed to replace rapidly buildings which were destroyed or damaged during the war, But due to the lack of technology and modern production techniques, development in lightweights, high-strength materials, and new modern methods of construction that today is available, it gained unfortunately negative significance. The time of the wheelbarrow is finished, announced Jean Prouv in 1947, echoing Le Corbusier.We need usines maisons, homes produced in the factories Since then, a further sixty years have passed: the manufacturing industry has come with story of success of the mechanization, has enhanced electronics and grafting. Today industrial automation and manufactures from shoes to personal computers, and from planes to crackers, all now machine-made, in Seattle as a small village in China. The building construction is still the same. With very few exceptions, the building remains largely an object made by hand with traditional techniques. And the only construction industry still relies to logical and largely pre-industrial processes. With known effects: low productivity, forecast time and cost much more random, exposed to all levels of quality and possibilities and approximations of production conditions are vary widely, backward technologies and unskilled work. 1.4 OVERVIEW Why choose off-site construction now? What is so different from the traditional way of construction? Why is sustainability constantly being brought up? Before I examine these points, I have to mention some important facts that have already occurred. Since the beginning of the century, it is increasingly being talked about and discussed, the world and its climate changing. United Nations ask for action on it. The world met in a summit in Copenhagen to discuss how they can resolve the raising temperature that might cause damages and risks to the global, and how to reduce energy and CO2 emission. Why I mentioned climate change and we are talking about off-site construction? The answer is surprisingly, buildings are responsible for about one third of global energy consumption and if we add the energy used for construction the amount can easily be increased to the half. All of this means that we need to build very efficient houses and in an efficient way, and thats can be achievable only by off-site construction. There is a severe accommodation shortage in the UK. The Government has announced plans for the construction of 200,000 new houses per year, but that target has never achieved yet. Off-site construction can help the accommodation industry to achieve that target where fast delivery is needed. Speedier delivery in construction is one of the potential advantages of off-site construction and research showed that it can reduce the time of construction process to the half because it takes place in a desirable condition away from the unpredictable weather that can affect and delay the process on-site. And research showed that it can reduce the time of construction process to the half because it takes place in a desirable condition away from the unpredictable weather, factory built accommodation. Offsite construction already features in the production of social accommodation. Skill shortages in the UK construction industry are a severe problem. In 2001 the UK construction industry estimated it needed to train an extra 74,000 skilled workers every year for five years just to make up for the shortages of bricklayers, plumbers and electricians (Verbus System, 2006). In 2009, the chartered institute of building (CIOB) concluded a third research on skill shortages, and the result again showed that the construction industry is still suffering a skills shortage, which is likely to continue to be a challenge for the building sector. Off-site construction can play an important role to resolve this issue. The research showed, compared to more traditional techniques, off-site construction can reduce on-site labour requirements to less than a quarter. This result achieved from some work took place off-site. Off-site work involves different labour that is not under pressure as the on-site workforce. Off-site construction and modern methods of construction (MMC) can therefore make better use of scarce labour. 1.5 DISSERTATION STRUCTURE The dissertation consists of an introduction chapter, three main chapters and conclusion chapter; Chapter two discuss the advantages of off-site construction for the building sector, society, and the environment. The chapter also will discuss the conditions in order to gain the full advantages of off-site construction. Chapter three explain the types and forms of off-site construction, and where off-site construction takes place in the building and in the construction process. Off-site construction takes place in different areas of the building, so how off-site construction will incorporate with the mainstream construction process. Chapter four show and examine some of off-site construction case studies and in which type of building it takes place. CHAPTER TWO: ADVANTAGES OF OFF-SITE CONSTRUCTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION Off-site construction, as I mentioned, is part of modern methods of construction (MMC) and is referred to as any of the components of the building built in a high quality controlled factories where they use advanced techniques to manufacture highly specialised doors, windows, stairs, wall panels, frame structure, and complete volumetric pods and then transport them to the location where it will be used and to be assembled on-site. Off-site construction has many advantages that are why nowadays there are more companies and contractors using this method rather than the traditional way of construction, even governments make more pressure to use this method to speed up housing delivery. Modern methods of construction can provide good quality homes with less on-site labour, in a shorter time, with at least the same building performance and at similar cost when compared to more established techniques. Off-site manufacturing and partnering processes increasingly play a part in solving todays problem of moving towards a sustainable housing industry. The advantages of off-site construction can be classified into two types; Business advantages, social environmental advantages Modern construction methods can produce important benefits for housing authorities and developers, not the least of which is the reduced emphasis on on-site activity. This is particularly important in a time of increasing demands on an already stretched labour force. As with any new way of doing things there are risks, but these can be mitigated through good project planning and management (Sir John Bourn, head of the National Audit Office, 2005). 2.2 ADVANTAGES Less time in construction process, cost predictability, higher quality, helping the society and the environment, resolving skilled labour shortage, reduce health safety risks, and helping the business the economy. These are key advantages of off-site construction. 2.2.1 Reduced construction time Business advantages give a huge encouragement to the contractors and designers to use more off-site construction components with their design and building processes. The greater speed of manufacturing and on-site assembling is an important factor for business gain. Earlier the delivery of the building means earlier the return of the investment. Modular construction for example, that is an off-site construction, is up to 40-60% quicker than traditional building methods. The predictability of the delivery also is very important for the financial calculation of the business in terms of cost and revenue. The manufacturing process of the components in quality controlled factories is nearly accurately estimated as well as the delivery to the site and the assembly operation. 2.2.2 Cost Predictability Cost-effectiveness is an important factor to show the difference between the off-site construction method and the conventional one. Approximately, around 80% of the construction costs are fixed within the first 20% of the design process. The graph below highlights the potential for cost reduction and alternatively the resistance to the cost of change during the project life. As the project progresses, the opportunities for implementing variation or change reduce and the consequent costs associated with these variations rise substantially, Where off-site production techniques are to be used, these should be introduced early in the process. While off-site construction has tended in the past to be more expensive than brick block, now is being reduced to the same level due to the innovation of more techniques and to the variety of the components, and these bringing even greater economies. 2.2.3 Superior Quality Off-site manufacture for building components significantly improves the quality and the efficiency of the building due to high standard of quality control and test. Buildings exceed requirements on sound and thermal insulation levels, so this means that are more sustainable. 2.2.4 Help the society and the environment Off-site construction has also can help the society and the environment. Millions of affordable homes are required to meet growing demand, and there is increasing pressure to further improve efficiency and sustainability performance during construction and throughout the lifetime of the buildings. Off-site construction is environmentally friendly if it is planned well from the early stages of design and by integrating all the supply chain together. Less energy is generally required to develop the modules or off-site manufactured components. With improved process control ,buildings are pre-engineered each exactly the same and so can be adapted for ease of tiling and this should lead to reduced levels of waste on site of up to 70% and subsequent costs. In addition, with improved control of materials flow, raw materials can be recycled rather than skipped as often happens on site. The advantage of using OSC methods related to the reduction of waste to landfill are that the material usage in the factory is reduced up to 90% by the careful design and procurement of materials, reducing the amount of waste generated both on-site and off-site. Offsite manufacturing was identified as a key potential method for promoting sustainability within the construction industry. Sustainability is increased as sound and thermal insulation is improved. Reduced time on site means less disruption to neighbouring residents or businesses. 2.2.5 Reducing reliance on skilled labour While there is a significant shortage of housing in the UK, and the government plans to build more accommodation houses, there is another problem facing to achieve these plans as well the building industry a whole which is the skills shortages bricklayers, plumbers and electricians. Off-site construction helps to build more houses by reducing reliance on increasingly scarce skilled labour by reducing the number of labour where semi-skilled factory labour can be used during the construction of modules. 2.2.6 Improve Health and safety Health and safety issue also give off-site construction an advantage, it has been proven to be a safer method of construction because there are fewer components involved than traditional methods and there is no need for high quantity of labour on-site for the assembly process. 2.2.7 Business integration and economy development Off-site construction helps to integrate the supply chain. When executed effectively, the off-site construction process involves key manufacturers and suppliers early in the feasibility and design stages of the project. This ensures that the specialist skills and knowledge of these key suppliers are embedded within the project and can influence the design and construction phases of the project. Where appropriate these key suppliers should be given ownership of the design and involved fully in the execution of delivery, storage and movements of materials and components. CHAPTER THREE: OFF-SITE CONSTRUCTION! WHERE IT TAKES PLACE? 3.1 Forms of off-site construction Off-site construction can take a number of forms. The form and extent of acceptance within the projects will depend on the type of project: Is there a large proportion of duplication or replication? for example; in hotels and hostels, the type of client: Is the client a one-off or repeat client?, and the relationships and the arrangements between the project members. Off-site buildings and components systems range from small bolt-together sections to virtually complete buildings. Systems can be categorised as: Sub-assemblies Frames Panels (open or closed) Volumetric system Hybrids system 3.1.1 Sub-assemblies Sub-assemblies are the most traditional and widely used system in off-site manufacturing which is being used for many generations. This type of off-site construction can include elements using different type of materials such as concrete beams, block floors, and foundations. Prefabricated foundation systems can consist of precast, post-tensioned, concrete beams. An additional examples for sub- assemblies systems are the glass reinforced plastic for chimneys, steel for curtain walling, and timber stairs. 3.1.2 Frames Framed structures, which are pre-assembled in factories, supply the structural support to buildings and are not something new feature in construction. Lightweight pre-assembled frames which can be delivered promptly to the site, speeding up the construction times for the main structural elements. The benefit of pre-assembled framed structures can help of reducing site cutting and the inaccuracies that can arise from it. An example of framed structure is the steel frame module. Steel works in off-site construction are taking the most important part of the factory controlled construction due to the characteristics of the steel itself that can be shaped and moulded in any form; the result is light strong steel modules structures. The UK construction market is one of the most steel intensive in the world, with steel proving to be the material of choice for UK architects and structural engineers in the multi-storey building market. The 2007 Market Shares Survey figures show steel construction consistently takes in excess of 70 per cent over double the market share compared to when the survey was first carried out in the early 1980s.(Housebuilder Developer. 2008). The Steel Construction Institute has carried out a study of different construction projects using various levels of off-site steel construction technologies in busy urban sites. The goal of the study was to recognize the benefits of off-site construction relating to the reduction of the disruption caused to local residents by the construction operations. The study also aimed to quantify these benefits in terms of the reduction in dust, noise, vehicle circulation and the impact of site-generated waste on the environment. 3.1.3 Panels Panels are two dimensional frames that contain both the structural and the infill element, are sealed together on site. Example of panels is pre-assembled floor, wall, and roof panels. Using the right sealants are very important to gain the benefit of off-site manufactured panels in order to stand up the frames rapidly. The simplest form of off-site manufactured panel system is lightweight infill panels that are fixed to the structural frame, where the most complex form are the prefabricated sandwich panels which consist of both, the structural element, internal and external finishes. 3.1.4 Volumetric System Volumetric system is the frame and panel systems, and when the building is assembled and built from a series of volumetric steel or timber modules, connected together to form a room or groups of rooms to form complete structure. Modular construction is also a term used to refer the volumetric assemblies. While the foundations are being prepared under factory conditions, the modules are manufactured and finished (or partially finished) off-site, under factory conditions, then transported to the building site and assembled and connected to the foundations, then added the exterior cladding and the roof. Modular construction is more sustainable than traditional techniques because of the minimum foundations that required and because it is built under factory conditions, the modules are in better quality and defects are minimized. Modular construction uses the same techniques from the industrial sector but the result does not look like mass production product. Sophisticated modules and panels can be produced and can be easily customised by the clients requirements, and with new advanced techniques finishes: cladding and roofing, give the building its natural skin that suites the surrounding. An example of volumetric module structure is bathroom pods. Bathroom pods are a very economically solution when it integrate with the whole construction process in large quantities such as; student accommodations, hotels, hostels, hospitals, and prisons. Bathroom construction process can use Off-site construction technology, which in compare to the traditional way, would normally be carried out on-site. If we remove the construction process of the bathrooms to a controlled factory environment, bathrooms will become more ecological, functional, and with lower building costs. Bathrooms that we call them smart will also become more common with highly environmentally toilets and showers systems and with more advanced technology like tapes with sensors. The quality of bathrooms pods is far superior to the traditional on-site construction, more stylish, with high quality materials, and better for the environment in terms of a lower carbon footprint, lower levels of waste and reduced transportation of components. 3.1.5 Hybrids System Hybrid systems (often referred to as semi-volumetric) are a combination of all the other type, and this type where the flexibility of production and the varieties of consumer choice by combining the best features in a single system play the important role of it. Plant rooms is an example of a hybrid volumetric module manufacturing Plant room is a room or space in a building dedicated to the mechanical and electrical equipments and then they need an intensive labour. If plant rooms built off-site where there is cheaper labour, this can be more economically. Other advantage of plant rooms built in factory is if a project in time difficulties, always the installation of the services is squeezed, so using modular plant rooms certainly will help to avoid this problem. CHAPTER FOUR: CASE STUDIES 4.1 Case Study: British Land Ropemaker site, London Ropemaker is a commercial building for British Land, one of the UKs largest Real Estate Investment Trust. It is built in an eminent site in London. The 21 storey and three basement levels has 55,000 square metres net lettable space. The high profile building has impressive green certifications achievement including a BREEAM excellent rating. The development has been realised using off-site construction technologies in a large number of parts in the building. This study aimed to evaluate two products manufactured off-site; a modular walling system Podwall from Swift Horsman, and Technik flooring system supplied by Grants LTD. The research aimed to compare in deep analysis off-site construction techniques products to the traditional way of construction in terms of; waste on-site and off-site, resources needed on site, efficiency and productivity, cost, environmental impact analysis and end of life assessment, health and safety, and installation time. PODWALL research results Podwall saved approximately 40% to programme. Each floor at Ropemaker had an 11 week programme to install the Podwall (3 blocks per floor one ladies, one gentlemen and one disabled toilet), which would be equivalent to 15 weeks for traditional fit out. The waste on site is reduced because the Podwall is manufactured off-site. The result showed that the largest amount of waste generated is from the packaging, which is very important to protect the product on the delivery from between factory and site. Total waste produced is approximately 213m3 from Podwall washrooms. If we give the low levels of waste monitored during the process of the Podwall erection, traditional waste would considerably exceed that figure. In terms of waste recycling the percentage of materials recycled from Ropemaker exceeds 85%. The Podwall washroom package (54 toilet blocks), which is delivered over 1969m2, has a value of approximately 6m. The main differences in cost, that the services are integrated off site into the walls and cubicles for the Podwall, while in the traditional system the services installation and cubicles must be installed on-site and the cost of the installation of these services on site is higher. The indirect costs in the traditional way do not count as the increased cost of waste and removal, and the increased programme time to install. TECHNIK research results In terms of performance and time, Technik flooring system took168hrs per 100m2 for the pedestal and the floor, while in screeded floor take 250hrs per 100m2 for the insulation, screed, and tiling. Tiling is the most labour intensive element of traditional flooring, and drying time for screed increases programme and risk of damage when wet. The result showed that 32% of time spent laying a traditional floor was non value added time compared with 17% for Technik floor. Techniks 83% added value time demonstrates the efficiency of off-site flooring as well as the reduction in remedial work (WRAP. 2009) At the factory 0.49m3 of waste is generated raising the total waste to 2.81m3 per 100m2. The total waste of Technik flooring of Ropemaker is 24.56m3. While a total 41m3 of waste if screeded floor with tiling had been used on site instead. The screeded floor generates a significantly greater amount of waste compared to the Technik floor. In terms of costs, Technik flooring labour costs was 84/m2, while the screed floor was 114/ m2. Material costs were 140/ m2 for Technik floor, and 147/ m2 for the traditional one. These figures are near, but it is still considerable that Technik is cheaper if we put in consideration that drying time for screed increases programme and risk of damage when wet and the materials associated with the traditional screed design take up a greater area within a warehouse and as such the cost is considerably higher to that of Technik floor. A programme/time saving of 25.7% is made by using Technik flooring, which clearly has a cost saving implication as well. (WRAP. 2009) 4.3 Case Study-Emergency Assessment Unit, University Hospital of North Tees. In this case study we are looking at the new revolutionary building which was designed to fulfil the needs of Interserve Project Services/North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust. The building will be located at the University Hospital of North Tees. The purpose-designed and built Emergency Assessment Unit has been required in order to reduce waiting times for much demanded emergency treatment. This is something the Government has planned as to drive down waiting times for patients. The amount of beds are needed to be increased at the Stockton site as well as the site needing to be able to provide a service to those needing emergency surgical care, based centrally on location rather than some distance away. The unit has promised to feature up-to-date emergency care and include specialist staff who can deal quickly and efficiently with a high number of patients thus increasing patient turnover. The solution to these needs was met through a 2.8m Procure 21 project which was awarded to Yorkon manufacturers, based in York, by Interserve Project Services. Off-site construction and the installing of a 42-bed Emergency Assessment Unit was the aim for the new building as its production. The building included 42 steel-framed modules manufactured off-site at York and installed on-site in as little as a few days. Disruption was therefore limited and patients could rest unaware of any commotion. The 1,710m square single storey extension to the pre-existing department was astonishingly and impressively erected in just over six months from beginning to end. The building also can boast a full range of modern well-equipped facilities for any acute medical emergencies. Features are listed as including four-bed wards, single en-suite bedrooms, an isolation ward, high-dependency beds, consulting rooms, ward managers office, waiting area, Quiet room, staff changing facilities and rest room and also an interview room. Incorporated into the design were roof lights to increase any natural light in the centre of the unit and furthermore holds latest technology equipment. The installations of workstations are readily available and can be used at a patients bedside. This building proudly boasts to be one of the first units in the country to offer an electronic information board too. Looking to the comments of professionals working within the construction of this new high-tech building, we can see the positive influence of off-site technology in providing rapid, quality solutions to much needy clients. The accuracy as well as speed of construction has impressed many working on the project. The patients are the first top benefit thus impacting greatly on society. A faster completion has resulted in an earlier date for increasing the hospitals capacity and implementing the hospitals new care programme. The building has proudly been created free of any defect and furthermore feels and appears like a building created in the traditional on-site method. The impact on the people within the building can be felt as they feel secure and at ease with their impressive new surroundings. After significant planning, the result proves to be pleasing and satisfying to all those involved. Impressive design features are said to include isolation rooms, en-suite bathrooms, no touch taps as well as bespoke window blinds, all that was promised. All in all, a roomy and calm working environment which is properly equipped to looking after those that need it has been established. 4.4 The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) Case Study The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) Study, which was funded by The Department of Trade and Industries (DTI) with support from Corus Strip Products (UK), is started by visits to six construction sites where oft-site construction technologies were being used for data-gathering. A comparative study had been made and followed by the visits to compare the traditional way of construction to off-site construction methods for a 2-storey school where light steel infill panels were used in off-site method against the traditional method, and a 4-storey light steel residential building where off-site modular construction were used against traditional masonry way. The study results showed that off-site construction is by far reducing the disruption to the local residents The growing demand for residential housing in cities, towns, and villages of the UK and the scarcity of so-called green field sites, is forcing developers to build on small plots of land within existing residential developments. As housing is built, so the demand for schools, shops, hospitals and leisure also increases. Construction on confined urban sites presents developers with various challenges including: The construction of urban sites contained presents developers with a number of challenges, such as; the lack of working and storage space, the absolute necessary to minimize the impact of all aspects of construction on local residents, and the scarcity of skilled labour working in construction sites. Last Recent experience with modern construction methods showed that these challenges can be met by changing some of the activities of site-intensive products with components manufactured off-site. For example, panels of three two-dimensional and three dimensional modules are supplied in very short time to local conditions and require no storage space on site. Regarding urban disruption, there is some non official evidence to suggest that the disruption to the local residents and inconvenience caused by construction can be greatly reduced by the use of prefabricated lightweight steel and modular solutions. Such methods do not only transfer much of the construction processes off site, but They also significantly reduces the construction time, thereby limiting the inconvenience Caused by site traffic, deliveries, waste clearance and general construction activities. One of the greatest opportunities and challenges for the steel sector is the residential market due to the increase awareness of the physical benefits of steel. As often, home builders and developers are looking at things more closely as the project predictability and speed of construction, and areas that can generate financial returns earlier. Construction in steel, which has always been a technique of off-site construction, is the solution. With its speed of construction, cost-effectiveness, outstanding performance, and unparalleled sustainable qualities, steels off-site construction techniques provides a genuine opportunity for the construction industry to meet growing, and sometimes conflicting demands, in providing affordable housing in todays difficult housing market By its very nature, steel based off-site construction gives rise to more predictable construction programmes, along with predictable cost, construction quality, programme timing and project handover with faster lead in and onsite project commencement, allowing earlier use and business income return. Ultimately, this can result in the overall construction programme being reduced by up to 60 per cent compared with conventionally constructed buildings. CHAPTER FIVE :CONCLUSION To conclude, a survey undertaken by Contract Journal revealed interesting findings. Although the survey results indicated that off-site construction is on the rise and gaining popularity, the rise is still lower than the desired figures the industry would have liked to have seen. The survey Modern Methods of Construction Modern Methods of Construction DEFINITION: It can be defined as the the process to produce or construct good quality buildings rapidly with less consumption of resources Explanation: 3D PRINTING INTRODUCTION 3D printing (sometimes referred to as Additive Manufacturing (AM)) is the computer-controlled layering of materials to form 3 dimensional shapes. It is particularly useful for prototyping and for the manufacturing of geometrically complex components. Depending on the technique adopted, printing can produce multiple components simultaneously, can use multiple materials and can use multiple colours. Accuracy can be increased by a high-resolution subtractive process that removes material from an over-sized printed item. Some methods include the use of dissolvable materials that support oscillating features during fabrication. Materials such as metal can be expensive to print, and in this case, it may be more cost-effective to print a mould, and then to use that to create the item.[G1] CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY In the construction industry, Construction 3D printing is used to create construction components or to print entire buildings. Construction is well-suited to 3D printing as much of the information necessary to create an item will exist as a result of the design process, and the industry is already experienced in computer aided manufacturing. With the help of building information modelling (BIM), we can facilitate greater use of 3D printing. Also, [G2]construction 3D printing allows, faster and more accurate construction of complex or modified items as well as it will minimise labour costs and waste. It[G3] also enables us to carry out construction process in harsh or dangerous environments not suitable for a human workforce e.g. cold areas like Alaska and Siberia.[G4] China has adopted the technique and with the mass movement of population from rural areas to the cities they consider this technique suitable for making cheap houses costing the country (Â £9700) respectively. Materials used: The most common types of materials used by the printers are: Recycled plastic Bioplastics Concrete Synthetic stone-like material made of sand and chemicals Hua Shang Tengda: Hua Shang Tengda is a Chinese company which has manufactured or printed a two story villa that measures about 4,305 square feet. When put to test the structure was able to retain itself at an earthquake of 8 scales. Moreover, the[G5][MH2(6] house was completely finalised within 45 days. The company carried out the process in one go rather than making pieces and then assembling them. The process included three printers operated by a software, which is responsible for formulating the ingredients, mixing the concrete, transmission, and to 3D-print the structure. The team first erected the frame of the house, completed with rebar support and plumbing pipes and then the printed started The printer has a sort of bifurcated extruder that simultaneously lays concrete on both sides of the structural material, allowing it up and encasing it securely within the walls. The concrete used was C30 which weighted approximately 20 tonnes, it[G7] had the desired strength and inexpensive as waste was[G8] also utilised as well as wastes resulted from the process were very [G9]low. The walls of the structure are approx. 8cm thick and is resting firmly on the ground.[G10][G11] ADVANTAGES: The advantages of the system are mentioned as under TIME EFFICIENT: 3d printers used in construction are very time efficient and a house with the desired strength can be constructed in small time frame.[G12][G13] CLIENT SATISFACTION: With this process, it is assumed that the client satisfaction is more as they will be given [G14]a catalogue from which they will be able to choose the structure of their own choice. ACCESSIBILITY:[G15][G16] The 3d printers are accessible everywhere even on the moon.[G17] COST EFFECTIVE: This process of construction is very cheap as the printers consume the minimal amount of raw materials and waste production is very less.[G18] NEW SHAPES AND DESIGNS: The 3d printers can construct different types of structures ranging from curvilinear to rectilinear and from circular to boxed structures. PRECISION: With 3d printers, we can achieve more precision as it is a controlled process and is not affected by the environmental conditions.[G19] ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT: It is also assumed environmental friendly as the wastes resulting from the process are less. DISADVANTAGES: Some disadvantages are mentioned as: INITIAL COST AND MAINTENACE COST:[G20][G21] The printers initial cost is very high and requires a cleaning process after 12 hours of operation. LIMITED MATERIALS: The types of materials used in these printers are limited. Some are limited to a single type of material. Also, the printers are unable to deal with reinforcements. [G22] TRANSPORTATION: The transportation may sometimes cause problems because of their sizes RELIABILITY:[G23] Machines cannot be trusted and a major problem may occur resulting in the delays. FUTURE: Currently, there is a research going on at the [G24][G25]University of Southern California which I lead byÂÂ   Berok Khoshnevis.They are testing a fabrication process called contour crafting. The aim of this research is that all the processes involved in construction are self-automated. Khoshnevis hopes to print a residential building(house) in a single print. It will include conduits for electrical, plumbing, drywall, and insulation. His aims are to achieve the possible results by 2020 for residential buildings and by 2025 for high rise.[G26] [G1]Inserted: , [G2]Inserted: , [G3]Inserted: s [G4]Deleted:z [G5]Inserted: s [MH2(6] [G7]Inserted: ne [G8]Inserted: the [G9]Inserted: s [G10]Deleted:a [G11]Deleted:z [G12]Inserted: the [G13]Deleted:a [G14]Inserted: , [G15]Inserted: C [G16]Deleted:S [G17]Inserted: the [G18]Deleted:s [G19]Inserted: , [G20]Inserted: E [G21]Deleted:A [G22]Inserted: , [G23]Inserted: I [G24]Inserted: at the [G25]Inserted: , [G26]Deleted:in

Essay --

The story Jurassic Park, by Michael Crichton, starts off with Mike Bowman taking a vacation with his family on the coast of Costa Rica. As they cruise on their Land Rover, Tina, Bowman’s daughter, runs off after spotting three-toed bird tracks. Tina then encounters a big lizard that makes chirping sounds, and is attacked by it. She is later sent to the hospital, where Dr. Gutierrez is intrigued to find out about the lizard that bit her left arm. Gutierrez goes back to the beach where Tina was attacked, and finds the carcass of a brown-striped lizard. The carcass is sent to the Tropical Diseases Laboratory of Columbia University Medical Center, where it is examined and analyzed. Despite the efforts made, no one is able to identify the lizard’s species, so the carcass is later sent to the Museum of Natural History for further analysis. Meanwhile, Bob Morris, head of the Environmental Protection Agency, becomes suspicious of the Hammond Foundation, which has recently acquired advanced gene sequencing technology. This causes him to believe that InGen, John Hammond’s company located in Costa Rica on Isla Nublar, is part of a reckless genetic engineering experiment. The lizard’s corpse is inspected by Alan Grant, a famous paleontologist, who is shocked to see that it is the carcass of a dinosaur. John Hammond, who was a financial support of Grant’s fossil digs, calls Grant and invites him to Isla Nublar. However, recent reports indicate that there are more lizard attacks in Costa Rica. Because of this, Ingen tasks Donald Gennaro, Hammond’s lawyer, to investigate Isla Nublar along with Grant, Grant’s colleague named Ellie Sattler, and a mathematician named Ian Malcolm. Later, Grant and Sattler board the plane and meet Gennaro. Meanwhi... ... freezer. Since no one alive knows how to use a computer, the group relies on Tim to go to the control room to turn on the electrical fence in order to repel the raptors. As Grant distracts the raptors, Tim somehow manages to activate the electric fence just in time, this, repelling the raptors. As everyone settles down, Grant explains that the reason the dinosaurs were able to reproduce was because of the fact that they had frog DNA. Since certain species of frogs are able to change their gender, this meant that the dinosaurs were able to do this as well. Later, John Hammond is eventually killed by a group of small dinosaurs called compys, and Malcolm dies of his injuries. Eventually, a helicopter comes to rescue Grant, Sattler, and Gennaro with Muldoon and the kids already on board. As Grant looks back, he recalls seeing the island as a â€Å"diminishing bright spot†.

Effects of television on children Essay

Every day for the few decades; children have been subjected to the harmful messages of advertisers on television. There is some discussion in the literary works over the years at which adolescent children can distinguish television broadcasts from programs, and when they can conjure up and want what they lay their eyes on and when they are able to figure out that the advertiser’s goal is to sell a manufactured product. Resolution of the dispute has been hindered by methodological difficulties and models which fail to fully apprehend and figure out children’s acknowledgments to advertisements. This research uses a book and ecologically accurate method of searching how toy advertising act on children by studying their demands sent to Santa Claus, monitoring game commercials and obtaining television viewing data. Eighty children aged from 5 to 7 years, who had set forth the messages to Father Christmas, were consulting with looking upon the extent and quality of their television viewing. Reports and related data were also analyzed for 16 nursery school kids, aged 4 to 5 years, using survey replies from their parents. Overall, kids who observed more commercial television were found to call for a larger number of things from Santa Claus. These kids also demanded more branded items than kids who watched less. Without Regard To, the children’s demands did not agree significantly with the most every now and then advertised game merchandise on television during the build up to Christmas. An accurate relationship was founded between watching television solely and number of demands. The Effects of Television on Children Television was invented eighty five years ago by a farm boy named Philo by mistake, now it’s one of the main sources of entertainment, education and problems worldwide. At many different ages, kids observe and understand television in many different ways. In broad, it depends on their consideration and attention, the method they use to help process information and data, their attentiveness to that specific information, and, of course, their own experiences in life itself. Television, movies, series and advertising can affect our society significally and particularly our children. The huge amount of impact that’s caused by different aspects such as how many kids watches television and whether alone or with adults, as well as whether parents discuss what they see on television with their children. Children’s age and personality are also very important factors that help influence the amount of television impact. Television has both positive and negative influences on children. Television has brought many changes to the way children spend their free time. While some of these changes have been good and beneficial, others have had a harmful effect. Thus, the job of this paper is to investigate the positive and negative effects of television on our children who in the course of time will be our future generations. Television has an enormous impact on how children see the world in general. Kids waste more time watching TV than they spend on their school work. Kids and teens between 8 and 18 spend at least 4 hours a day in front a television screen and almost 2 additional hours on the computer (outside school work) and playing video games (â€Å"Kaiser Family Foundation†). Television viewing takes away the time a kid needs to develop very important skills like his own native language, social skills, imagination and most importantly creativity. School kids who watch too much television tend to work less on their homework. When children do homework with a TV in the background, they tend to absorb little information and fewer skills (â€Å"Parenting early years†). According to language and speech expert Dr. Sally Ward, 20 years of research and commitment show that children who are harassed by background television noises in their houses have problems paying attention to voices and calls when there is also a background noise. Television viewing takes away time from writing and improving reading skills through practice (â€Å"Psychology Today Magazine†). Children watching cartoons and series and entertainment television during pre-school years have lower pre-reading skills at age 5. Kids who tend to watch entertainment television are also less likely to read books and other types of media (â€Å"Parenting Early Years†). Television has become a huge part of a child’s life for the past few decades, and there is an argue that there is a link between a kid’s abnormal or aggressive behavior and television violence. Eighty percent of television programs include violence. In addition, it is important that children spending their leisure time in watching television should be controlled by the parents (Judith and Lawrence, 2004). TV violence does not just affect a child’s adolescence; it also affects his or her adulthood. It also can destroy a kid’s mind; the effects can be long lasting and ceaseless. Many psychologists feel that the continuous disclosure to television violence might unnaturally accelerate the impact of the adult world on the child leading him or her to early matureness. As the kid matures into a grown up, he can become frightened, have a greater mistrust towards others, a shallow oncoming to adult problems, and even the unwillingness to become an adult (Judith and Lawrence, 2004). Television includes many acts of violence and destruction not just in violent movies, but also in night news, cartoons and stand up comedies. Studies taken show that television violence makes children less sensitive, cruel, cold hearted, rude, lacking consideration for other and more aggressive. Watching violence on television reduces the sensibility of kids to real demeanor of vehemence. Other studies connect newspapers and TV publicity of suicides to a high risk of suicide that can be committed by children (TV’s harmful effects of kids). In many diverse ways video vehemence can turn into actual violence. As interpreted atop, when kids observe a bit too much television violence the world becomes bland in comparison. Children need to create violence to keep them contented (Erica and George, 2010). Also kids like to imitate fictional and non-fictional characters on television and find it fun. Kids also love to portray models on television and movies because the ideas that are shown to him are more alluring to the spectator than the ones he can think up himself (â€Å"Psychology Today Magazine†). Fictional characters are being imitated widely around the globe like for example power rangers and Ben 10 which children cannot seem to get enough of. Television violence effects are mostly seen and apparent in big cities; aggressive behavior was more admissible in the big cities as long as the child’s popularity was not hindered by his or her aggression (Judith and Lawrence, 2004). In the major cities, violence, felonies and crimes are unavoidable and expected therefore is left unchecked. Many researches were conducted into the topic of children and television violence and in the end pointed and lead to the same direction. There is an indisputable relationship between aggression and television violence. The outcome was acquired in a survey of London schoolchildren in 1975. Greensburg found a significant connection between the viewing of violence and aggression (Erica and George, 2010). In this area the government has made many researches. An experiment was conducted where kids were left alone in a room with a videotape monitoring other kids playing and having fun. Kids who had just seen commercial vehemence accepted many superior levels of aggression than other kids. After quite some time, things got out of hand â€Å"and progressive mutilation began to take place†. The results were published in a report. Sergon Generals report found some† preliminary indications of a causal relationship between aggression and television viewing conduct in kidsâ€Å"(Psychology Today Magazine). During our time it is noticed and observed that extremely coarse and rude programs on television standardize high aggressiveness, shortage of consideration of others, shortage of politeness and respect and public coarseness. All such behavior without doubt influences the conduct of kids in our community. In other researches among United States kids, it was discovered that violence, academic problems, unpopularity with peer and aggression feed off each other. This encourages vehemence behavior in the kids (Television’s Impact on Kids). The combination of continued Television watching and aggression lead to low scholastic standings as well as unpopularity. All these can easily cause more aggression and malicious cycles to begin spinning (Television’s Impact on Kids). Viewing some programs may cause irresponsible sexual behavior in kids (â€Å"Psychology Today Magazine†). Pictures of hypersexual behavior, accidental sexual clashes without any common consequences, made use of programs for example such as BBC’s â€Å"Are You Hot OR NOT? † and sex exploitation in advertising may cause negative consequences for kids. Such movies, programs and TV shows cause very young people to have early sexual relation. Such sexual behavior becomes normal for many young kids with time, though many of them may be a bit mentally and physically traumatized by early sexual issues. In spite the fact that telly can be a very strong method of educating kids about the hazards and liability of sexual behavior, such issues as sexually transmitted infections like AIDS and HIV and unwanted pregnancy are rarely debated in programs with genital content (â€Å"Television’s Impact on Kids†). Research states that kids who spend more time on television are inclined to think that women and men have particular roles in our community (TV’s harmful effects on kids). It is apparent that TV usually shows women as weak and obedient in collation with some men who are usually described as dominating and rigid (TV’s harmful effects on kids). It may provide kids with a full comprehension of what they are awaited in the near future. Impact on self-image, specifically for teenagers, is crucial and well documented. The negative consequences caused by television over the last 10 years in regard of self-image are high increases in bulimia, depression, self-mutilation, eating disorders, and anorexia Watching too much television of any kind has evident psychological and physiological negative outcomes on kids. In Biology it is known as the  «couch potato » syndrome. A lot of studies show that even mild television content reduces imagination and creativity of kids, which in return increases obesity, physical activity, and laziness. In supplement, it leads to inferior grades in school, reduced ability to manage stress and conflict, and offensive behavior in connection with peers. And for your information, obesity in childhood can be highly encouraged by junk food advertised on television to children. Violent shows and late-TV watching has been known to be associated with sleep problems in kids. The emotional stress caused from too much night shows prevent kids from dreaming and may eventually result in nightmares. In supplement, incorrect samples of sleep during the night can easily push kids to be less alert within the day; also advancing poor performance in school (â€Å"Television’s Impact on Kids†). It is very important to know that too much television watching may have a bad impact on academic and learning execution of kids (â€Å"Television’s Impact on Kids†). Especially it is apparent if the time of television viewing replaces healthy mental and physical exercises. Most part of children’ free time must be spent in such activities as exploring nature, playing music and sports, and reading (â€Å"Television’s Impact on Kids†). Besides, the time of TV watching significantly cut back contact with family and companions (Judith and Lawrence, 2004). It is important to take into account the impact of commercialism. There are a number of manipulative commercial messages on television and even at school almost every day. Companies aspire to manipulate kids and with this they tend to hire psychologists to help influence kids. This is called the  «art of winemaking.  » The redundant number of commercial messages has produced a chronic anxiety in teenagers, and many psychologists bear in mind that these messages have raised depressions in kids. The other invalidating effect is that advertising on television raises a claim to acquire something like for example toys. Quite A few studies declare that parents carry on a primary role in social learning of their kids, but if the parent views are not discussed with their children, the medium may instruct and have an impact on them by absence (â€Å"Impact of media use on children and youth†). An example in an account from the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Children and Television, it was decided that: â€Å"Television watching promotes an attraction toward vehemence, an apathy when real vehemence is seen, passive learning, provides unrealistic messages regarding substance abuse (drugs, alcohol, and tobacco), and also encourages the use of tobacco, alcohol, and drugs, and by delivering an unrealistic way of problem-solving and/or dispute resolution and it is linked with obesity because of  «snacks with high calories » pulmonary consumption† (â€Å"Television’s Impact on Kids†). Some specialists, however, believe that television is not all that evil. They restrict though that watching television can be good if it is done in balance, and if the program being viewed is chosen some television shows can inform, inspire and educate. It can be more useful than audiotapes and books in teaching your child about methods like how to bake a cake or how to plant a plant. Studies show that children who view non-violent and educational children’ shows do better at reading, writing and math examinations than those who do not follow these programs. Kids who watch informative and educational presentations as preschoolers tend to view more educational and informative presentations when they get older. They deal with television effectively as a complement to school learning. On the other hand, children who view more entertainment programs tend to view fewer educational programs as they grow older (â€Å"Television’s Impact on Kids†). Kindergarteners who watch educational programs tend to have superior grades, value their studies more and tend to be more aggressive before and after they reach high school, according to a short-term study (â€Å"Television’s Impact on Kids†). Finally, scientists from the University of Siena found out that children experience a painkilling, soothing result by watching cartoons. So there is no harm in watching a little entertainment television here and there, and can be a source of relaxation for children who are in pain or stressed. Conclusion In summary, the viewing and watching of television causes an important impact on the behavior and development of children of all ages. The Television set may have both negative and positive for children of all ages, and many researches have paid peculiar regard to the television percussion on our community and, in particular, our children. Today there is an extraordinary mission to stop the negative impact of television on kids. It is clear that quality-aligned programming for kids must be produced in the approaching future. Furthermore, speaking to kids at their homes with their families together and in school with their instructors about their favorite programs and many other popular programs and films can help kids get a better understanding of things on television and on the world itself. Thus, parents are the greatest impact on the lives of their kids and as their duty must control the state and try to manage their television view. Since we will never be able to convince the mass-media to narrow down advancing sex and vehemence, especially, on television, we can aspire to comply with what our children are subjected and handle them and talk with them about the programs they pay attention to, especially if they are with negative content. Research Sites I. http://freeresearchprojects. blogspot. ae/2012/02/research-paper-on-television-and. html II. http://www. essayforum. com/writing-feedback-3/television-has-brought-positive-negative-effects-children-28297/ III. http://www. odec. ca/projects/2005/kaiser family foundation/zerb5m0/public_html/positiveEf. html IV. http://www. raisesmartkid. com/all-ages/1-articles/13-the-good-and-bad-effects-of-tv-on-your-kid V. Television and Child Development by: Judith Van Evra. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 (3rd edition) VI. Media and the American Child by: George Comstock and Erica Scharrer. VII. Psychology Today Magazine: Psychological effects of television. VIII. Parenting Early Years: TV’s harmful effects of kids. IX. http://www. med. umich. edu/yourchild/topics/tv. htm X. http://kidshealth. org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child. html